Prework Study Guide

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) provides content structure for a webpage.
HTML on a webpage is similar to the framework of a house.
HTML is made up of elements that work together to create content and basic framework for the webpages.
Some elements are text, image, header and list elements.
The head element contains information about the webpage.
The style element defines the CSS styles associated with a website.
The base element defines the URL for a webpage.
The link element connects an external resource to the HTML document.
The meta element defines metadata such as the character set, description, keywords, author, and viewport.
The body element represents the visible content shown to the user.
The elements are generally composed of an opening tag and a closing tag with angle brackets (<>).
Metadata is data about our webpage that the browser uses to effectively serve the webpage to users.
Semantic Markup refers to the HTML tags that express the meaning of the content contained withing the tags.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a programming language used by developers to define how webpage content is presented to users.
CSS defines the color, aesthetics, visual layout, and organization.
Inline CSS is utilized when a developer wants to style an element directly in the HTML file.
A margin indicates how much space we want around the outside of an element.
A padding indicates how much space we want around the content inside an element.
A CSS box model consists of margins outside the element and the elements borders have padding and content.
CSS rule contains a selector and a declaration block.
Seperation of concerns refers to separating code into different files based on use.

Git (Global Information Tracker) is a version control system in computers that allow us to manage and track changes in our code.
With Git we can create repositories(repo) for a developer project.
git status: checks what branch we are currently on.
git checkout -b branch-name: creates a new branch and switches to it.
git add [file]: adds a file.
git init: initializes an existing directory as a Git repository.

JavaScript (JS) is a programming language that allows users to interact with websites.
JavaScript's core features are variables.
A variable is a named container that allows us to store data in our code.
In JavaScript the var keyword is used to declare a variable.
An assignment operater is the equal sign = to assign the specific data that we want stored in our code.
We can use the console.log method to output a message to the web console by adding an argument.
We connect script.js (JavaScript file) to index.html by adding (script) element under the (footer) element.
Control flow is the order in which a computer executes code in a script.
We can use conditional statements and loops to control the order in which code is executed.
A function is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a certain task.